1992—1997 | Member, 14th CPC, Central Committee | |
1991— | Academician, Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
1987—1992 | Member, 13th CPC, Central Committee | |
1982—1987 | Alternate Member, 12th CPC, Central Committee | |
Professor, Lanzhou University Gansu Province, Lanzhou City | ||
1956 | Graduate, Nanjing University, Geography Department Shanghai Municipality |