Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 6/10/2003
Career Data Updated: 3/26/2006
Vice-President of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Director of the Party History Research Center of the CPC