Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 10/20/2009
Career Data Updated: 10/20/2009
Member, 18th CPC, Central Committee, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection