| 1994— | Director, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of World Economics and Politics | |
| 1988—1994 | Student, Oxford University United Kingdom, Oxford | |
| 1979—1988 | Researcher, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of World Economics and Politics | |
| 1969—1979 | Worker, Beijing Heavy Machinery Factory Beijing Municipality | |
| 1965—1969 | Student, Beijing Electronic Science and Technology College Beijing Municipality |